The Ultimate Guide to Orthopaedics
The cost of a total knee replacement surgery in the United States and other developed countries is a significant financial burden, with an estimated price tag of up to $35,000 USD.
However, more economical options are available to patients who opt for knee replacement surgery in countries such as Mexico, Thailand, and Turkey. See below for the estimated average costs of replacement surgery abroad (prices given in USD):
Average cost in different countries: | Knee Replacement | Hip Replacement
| Shoulder Replacement |
| United States | $30,000 - $45,000 | $30,000 - $50,000 | $20,000 - $30,000 |
| United Kingdom | $15,000 - $20,000
| $12,000 - $20,000 | $11,000 - $20,000 |
Mexico | $6,500 - $12,000 | $9,000 - $12,000 | $7,000 - $10,000 |
Turkey | $6,000 - $10,000 | $8,000 - $12,000 | $6,000 - $9,000 |
Thailand | $7,000 - $15,000 | $9,000 - $15,000 | $8,000 - $12,000 |
Top Clinics
.Table of Contents
Why Look Abroad for Orthopedic Surgery?
Suffering joint pain can significantly impede mobility and diminish your overall quality of life, even if your are good health. If the expenses associated with your much-needed operation are a concern, exploring alternative deals at world-class international hospitals abroad may be a more viable, economical option–with patients often saving four or even five figures.
Patients are increasingly turning to overseas options that offer more affordable, yet high-quality care without the long wait times. We understand this complex decision-making process and are here to help you navigate your options and find the path that feels right for you.
By choosing to undergo knee, hip, or shoulder replacement surgery abroad, you not only open avenues for significant cost savings but also gain access to advanced quality healthcare facilities. Medical Departures streamlines the process, offering a network of pre-checked highly experienced orthopedic surgeons across the globe.
Why Does Orthopedic Surgery Cost Much Less Overseas?
The significant reduction in cost doesn't compromise the quality of care; instead, it opens doors to accessible and effective healthcare solutions. Several factors contribute to the lower costs observed in popular countries for medical tourism like Mexico, Thailand, and Turkey, including
Lower Cost of Living: Countries with a lower cost of living generally have lower healthcare costs. This can affect the overhead costs of running a medical facility, particularly, labor, real estate, and material and equipment costs. These factors contribute significantly to the reduction of overall costs for surgeries.
Government Subsidies and Tax Incentives: Some countries provide subsidies or support for healthcare services, including orthopedic surgeries. Government support can help offset costs and make medical procedures more affordable.
Competition among Healthcare Providers: Increased competition among healthcare providers in these countries can lead to competitive pricing, as facilities strive to attract patients by offering quality services at lower costs.
Different Cost Structures: The cost structure of healthcare systems varies globally. In some countries, the cost of medical education, insurance, and other factors that contribute to the overall expense of providing healthcare may be lower.
Is it Safe to Go Abroad for Orthopedic Surgery?
When compared to finding treatment in the US, Europe or Australia, it is just as safe to undergo orthopedic surgery at a verified hospital abroad.
Our network of surgeons follows strict international healthcare standards, using advanced technology and performing the latest surgical techniques. Patient safety is paramount to them; thus, they maintain state-of-the-art facilities with stringent infection control measures.
Our partner doctors are internationally trained and consistently meet or exceed global healthcare standards. They have a proven track record of successful outcomes and are committed to providing a seamless and comfortable experience for international patients.
Rest assured, booking through Medical Departures allows you to access top-notch healthcare in a safe and supportive environment. Your well-being is both our and their top concern, and we look forward to helping you find exceptional orthopedic care abroad.
When Is Orthopedic Surgery Needed?
Worn-out or damaged joints, often caused by osteoarthritis, can put a major damper on your day-to-day life. The constant aches, trouble walking, and even struggling with simple tasks like cooking or driving, can chip away at your well-being, sleep and mental health.
Joint replacement surgery can be a game-changer–comparable to giving yourself a brand new joint that glides smoothly and lets you rediscover the freedom of movement. No more wincing when you bend down, no more sleepless nights from aching hips or knees.
Orthopedic surgery is a specialized field that addresses conditions related to the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. This may be appropriate for individuals experiencing a range of musculoskeletal issues.
Common scenarios where orthopedic surgery may be considered:
- Joint pain and arthritis: Individuals with chronic joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility due to conditions like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis may benefit from orthopedic interventions such as joint replacement surgery.
- Fractures and trauma: Orthopedic surgeons often treat fractures resulting from accidents, falls, or sports injuries.
- Sports injuries: Athletes who sustain injuries, such as torn ligaments (e.g., ACL tears), meniscus tears, or dislocated joints, may require orthopedic surgery for repair and rehabilitation.
- Carpal tunnel syndrome: Orthopedic surgeons can perform procedures like carpal tunnel release to alleviate symptoms associated with nerve compression, such as numbness and tingling in the hands.
- Tendon and ligament injuries: Tears or injuries to tendons and ligaments, such as rotator cuff tears or Achilles tendon ruptures, may require surgical repair by orthopedic specialists.
- Degenerative disc disease: Individuals experiencing severe back pain and dysfunction due to degenerative disc disease may undergo orthopedic procedures, such as spinal fusion or disc replacement.
- Orthopedic oncology: In cases of bone or soft tissue tumors, orthopedic surgeons may perform surgeries to remove tumors and restore musculoskeletal function.
- Congenital deformities: Orthopedic surgery is often recommended for individuals born with congenital musculoskeletal deformities, such as hip dysplasia or clubfoot.
- Spinal disorders: Orthopedic surgeons treat various spinal conditions, including herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and scoliosis, using surgical interventions when conservative treatments are insufficient.
Orthopedic surgery is typically considered after non-surgical treatments have been explored and deemed insufficient, for example: bracing, injections, infusion therapy, and physical therapy.
Knee Replacement Surgery
Also known as knee arthroplasty, this procedure replaces a damaged or diseased knee joint with an artificial (prosthetic) one. This procedure is commonly performed to alleviate pain and restore function in individuals with severe knee joint conditions, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
An artificial joint–or prosthesis–typically includes a metal femoral (thigh bone) component, a metal or plastic tibial (shinbone) component, and a plastic spacer in between. The metal parts of the implant are made of titanium or cobalt-chromium-based alloys, and plastic parts are generally made of medical-grade polyethylene.
Some surgeries involve a plastic patellar (kneecap) component. The femoral and tibial components mimic the natural joint's shape, allowing for smoother movement. The spacer provides cushioning, reducing friction. Surgeons may use cement to secure the components, or they may be press-fitted into the bone. The choice depends on factors like bone quality.
Your knee condition will determine whether you need:
- A partial knee replacement — which replaces only the damaged bone and cartilage of the knee joint, preserving healthy tissue; or
- A total knee replacement — which replaces the entire knee joint with prostheses.
Modern knee prostheses aim to restore natural knee function, enabling patients to move with reduced pain and improved mobility. Here is an overview of the key steps involved in a total knee replacement surgery:
- Patient evaluation: Before the surgery, the patient undergoes a thorough evaluation, including a medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests (x-rays, MRI) to assess the extent of joint damage.
- Anesthesia: Patients are administered anesthesia to ensure they are comfortable and pain-free during the surgery. The anesthesia options may include general anesthesia or if patients prefer to stay awake, spinal/epidural anesthesia.
- Incision: To access the joint, the surgeon makes a vertical incision over the front knee, traditionally 8 to 12 inches, but this may vary depending on the surgical approach used.
- Resection of damaged tissue: The damaged cartilage and bone at the ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shinbone) are removed. This creates space for the artificial components of the knee joint.
- Placement of prosthesis: Joint components, typically made of metal and high-grade plastic, are then secured to the prepared surfaces of the femur and tibia. Some prostheses also involve a component for the patella (kneecap).
- Spacer insertion: A plastic spacer is placed between the metal components to allow for smooth movement within the joint.
- Stabilization and testing: The surgeon ensures proper alignment and stability of the artificial joint. The knee is then tested for a range of motion and stability.
- Closure of incision: The incision is closed with sutures or staples. In some cases, a drain may be placed to remove excess fluid from the surgical site.
- Recovery and rehabilitation: The patient is transferred to a recovery area, where vital signs are monitored as a precaution. Physical therapy begins soon after surgery to promote mobility, strength, and flexibility.
- Hospital stay: The length of the hospital stay varies but is typically a few days. Patients are closely monitored for any signs of complications.
- Postoperative care: After being discharged, patients will still be fairly immobile (depending on the severity of the procedure). The medical team will assign each patient a personalized rehabilitation plan (and a sturdy pair of crutches); this will also include physical therapy exercises aimed at gradually restoring strength and mobility. Pain management and prescribed medications are also part of the postoperative care.
Most knee replacements are expected to last 15-20 years or longer. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS), more than 90% of total knee replacements still function well after 15 years.
Post-Knee Operation: What to Avoid After Hospital Discharge
Immediately following knee replacement surgery, you may be advised to avoid:
- High-impact: Running, jumping, contact sports, downhill skiing, racquet sports.
- Weight-bearing overuse: Climbing stairs excessively, carrying heavy objects (>10-15 lbs).
- Twisting and pivoting: Avoid motions that force your knee to twist or turn awkwardly.
- Prolonged sitting: Don't sit for more than 45-60 minutes without elevating your leg.
- Bending excessively: Don't bend your knee beyond 90 degrees until instructed by your therapist.
- Sitting with crossed legs: This puts undue pressure on your new joint.
Hip Replacement Surgery
In hip replacement surgery–also known as hip arthroplasty–a prosthesis is used to replace a damaged or worn-out hip. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. The socket is formed by the acetabulum, which is part of the pelvis bone. The ball is the femoral head, which is the upper end of the femur. Hip prostheses are commonly made of metal, plastic, or ceramic materials.
It typically consists of three parts:
- A femoral component, which replaces the top of the thigh bone;
- An acetabular component, which replaces the hip socket;
- A spacer, which acts as a cushion between these components.
The femoral component may have a stem that goes into the thigh bone, providing stability. This artificial hip joint mimics the natural hip's structure allowing for improved mobility.
For less severe cases, partial hip replacement replaces only the damaged hip joint's ball portion, preserving the socket. Total hip replacement replaces both the ball and socket with artificial components.
Below is an overview of the key steps involved in a total hip replacement surgery after general or spinal/epidural anesthesia is administered:
- Incision: The surgeon makes an incision over the hip joint. The size and location of the incision may vary depending on the surgical approach used (anterior, posterior, or lateral).
- Hip joint exposure: The surgeon carefully dislocates the hip joint to expose the ball-and-socket components. The damaged cartilage and bone at the hip joint are then removed.
- Placement of prosthesis: The artificial joint components are securely implanted into the prepared surfaces of the femur (thigh bone) and acetabulum (hip socket). The prosthetic components may include a stem, ball, socket, and, in some cases, a metal cup.
- Spacer insertion: A spacer, often made of high-grade plastic, is placed between the artificial components to allow for smooth movement within the joint.
- Testing and adjustment: The surgeon ensures proper alignment, stability, and range of motion of the new hip joint. Any adjustments needed for optimal function are made at this stage.
- Closure of incision: The incision is closed with sutures or staples. In some cases, a drain may be placed to remove excess fluid from the surgical site.
- Recovery and postoperative Care: The patient is transferred to a recovery area, where vital signs are monitored. Physical therapy begins soon after surgery to aid in mobility, strength, and joint flexibility.
- Hospital stay: The length of the hospital stay varies but is typically a few days. Patients are closely monitored for any signs of complications.
- Postoperative rehabilitation: Patients follow a personalized rehabilitation plan that includes exercises to strengthen the hip and improve mobility. Pain management and prescribed medications are part of the postoperative care.
Post-Hip Operation: What to Avoid After Hospital Discharge
Immediately following hip replacement surgery, you may be advised to avoid:
- Avoid lifting objects heavier than 10-15 pounds for the first few weeks. Crutches, walkers, or a cane will be your temporary allies!
- Avoid flexing your waist beyond 90 degrees, which can stress the new hip joint. This includes activities like tying your shoes.
- Maintain lower knee elevation: Keep your operated knee lower than your hip. Avoid high-stepping motions or climbing stairs until instructed otherwise.
- Abstain from crossing legs: Crossing your legs can increase the risk of dislocation. Maintain uncrossed legs for at least 6-8 weeks for optimal safety.
- Strenuous activities like running, jumping, and contact sports are prohibited for several months.
- Refrain from forceful twisting or pivoting motions, such as dancing or turning sharply. These can put the hip at risk of dislocation.
- Gardening, shoveling snow, or heavy housework should be postponed until your doctor advises otherwise.
Shoulder Replacement Surgery
The shoulder joint is also a ball-and-socket. The round head, or ball, of the upper arm bone, fits into a shallow socket in the shoulder. The prosthesis is generally made of cobalt-chrome or titanium, and plastic, which aims to alleviate pain and restore function in conditions like arthritis or severe fractures. A plastic spacer may be inserted between the components to enable smooth movement.
Conventional shoulder arthroplasty typically includes two main components: the humeral head, which replaces the ball, and the glenoid, which replaces the shoulder socket. For a reverse shoulder arthroplasty, the metal ball and socket are switched.
For partial shoulder replacement, only the humerus is replaced with a metal implant preserving the glenoid, or socket.
Below is an overview of the key steps involved in total shoulder replacement surgery:
- Anesthesia: Administration of anesthesia to ensure the patient is comfortable during the surgery. Options include general anesthesia or regional anesthesia.
- Incision: A surgical incision is made to access the shoulder joint.
- Resection of damaged tissue: Removal of damaged cartilage and bone from the humerus (upper arm bone) and the glenoid (shoulder socket).
- Placement of prosthesis: Artificial joint components are implanted. The humeral component replaces the upper part of the humerus, and the glenoid component replaces the shoulder socket.
- Spacer insertion: A plastic spacer may be inserted between the humeral and glenoid components to facilitate smooth joint movement.
- Testing and adjustment: The surgeon checks the range of motion, stability, and overall function of the artificial joint.
- Closure of incision: The incision is closed with sutures or staples.
- Recovery and rehabilitation: Postoperative care includes physical therapy to regain shoulder strength, mobility, and function.
The specifics of the procedure can vary based on the patient's individual condition and the surgeon's preferred techniques. It's best to discuss with your doctor about which type of prosthetic material would be suitable for you.
Shoulder Do's and Don'ts After Replacement:
- Heavy lifting: No carrying or pushing anything heavier than 10-15 pounds for several weeks.
- Overhead reaching: Keep reaching above shoulder level limited for 6-8 weeks.
- Sleeping on the Operated Side: Stick to sleeping on your back or the opposite side initially.
- Twisting and pulling motions: No throwing, swimming, or activities with forceful twisting for several months.
- Contact sports and strenuous activities: Hold off on high-impact exercises like running, jumping, and racquet sports until advised by your doctor.
- Reaching behind your back: Ask for help with anything requiring reaching behind your back for the first few weeks.
Arthroscopy Procedures
For less complex cases, arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows an orthopedic surgeon to examine and treat joint problems using a tiny camera called an arthroscope.
During arthroscopy, a small incision is made, and the arthroscope is inserted into the joint, providing a clear view of the interior on a screen.
This technology enables surgeons to diagnose and address various joint issues, such as repairing torn ligaments, removing damaged cartilage, or treating inflammation. The benefits include smaller incisions, less pain, and quicker recovery compared to traditional open surgery.
Arthroscopy is commonly used for knees, shoulders, and hips.
Risks Associated with Joint Replacement Surgery
Possible risks associated with the surgery may include infection, blood clots, and anesthesia complications.
The complication rate after joint replacement surgery is very low. However, one possible risk is the potential for the new joint to not function optimally, leading to weakness or stiffness. Active participation in rehabilitation is crucial for optimal recovery and outcomes.
Although less common, there's a risk of implant loosening or dislocation, and replacement joints may wear out after approximately 20 years, possibly requiring additional surgery.
Booking with Medical Departures — Recommended Clinics
Medical Departures collaborate with leading board-certified surgeons globally. Our meticulous background checks ensure credibility, verifying qualifications, licenses, and professional memberships. Our team personally visits partner facilities to ensure international standards and a safe and comfortable medical experience for our patients worldwide.
The following are some of the top facilities for orthopedic surgery that have passed our thorough verification process:
Southeast Asia:
- Yanhee Hospital Health & Beauty (Bangkok, Thailand)
- Mount Elizabeth Novena (Singapore)
- Bangkok Hospital (Phuket, Thailand)
Mexico:
- Advanced Health Medical Center (Tijuana, Mexico)
- Onkort (Merida, Mexico)
Turkey:
- HealthPoint World Clinic (Istanbul, Turkey)
- Hisar Hospital Intercontinental (Istanbul, Turkey)
Click here to see more verified clinics worldwide.
You can click through our clinic page to see photos, prices for various procedures, surgeon profiles, location maps, and real patient reviews.
How to Book Your Appointment
Contact our Customer Care Team to schedule an appointment or if you have any questions. We are here to help you day or night at no charge to you.
Sources
Orthopedic surgery delays lead to all-time high in backlog of patients. Website accessed: 20 December 2023.
Knee replacement implants. Website accessed: 19 December 2023. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/knee-replacement-implants/
Orthopedic Surgery Overview. Website accessed: 19 December 2023.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24801-orthopaedic-surgery
Extending the life of your knee implant. Website accessed: 20 December 2023.
https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-knee-replacement
Total Hip Replacement Surgery Overview. Website accessed: 19 December 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hip-replacement/about/pac-20385042
Hip Anatomy. Website accessed: 19 December 2023.
https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-hip-replacement/
Shoulder Replacement Surgery Overview. Website accessed: 20 December 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/shoulder-replacement/about/pac-20519121
Types of shoulder replacement implants. Website accessed: 20 December 2023.
Why Look Abroad for Orthopedic Surgery?
Suffering joint pain can significantly impede mobility and diminish your overall quality of life, even if your are good health. If the expenses associated with your much-needed operation are a concern, exploring alternative deals at world-class international hospitals abroad may be a more viable, economical option–with patients often saving four or even five figures.
Patients are increasingly turning to overseas options that offer more affordable, yet high-quality care without the long wait times. We understand this complex decision-making process and are here to help you navigate your options and find the path that feels right for you.
By choosing to undergo knee, hip, or shoulder replacement surgery abroad, you not only open avenues for significant cost savings but also gain access to advanced quality healthcare facilities. Medical Departures streamlines the process, offering a network of pre-checked highly experienced orthopedic surgeons across the globe.
Why Does Orthopedic Surgery Cost Much Less Overseas?
The significant reduction in cost doesn't compromise the quality of care; instead, it opens doors to accessible and effective healthcare solutions. Several factors contribute to the lower costs observed in popular countries for medical tourism like Mexico, Thailand, and Turkey, including
Lower Cost of Living: Countries with a lower cost of living generally have lower healthcare costs. This can affect the overhead costs of running a medical facility, particularly, labor, real estate, and material and equipment costs. These factors contribute significantly to the reduction of overall costs for surgeries.
Government Subsidies and Tax Incentives: Some countries provide subsidies or support for healthcare services, including orthopedic surgeries. Government support can help offset costs and make medical procedures more affordable.
Competition among Healthcare Providers: Increased competition among healthcare providers in these countries can lead to competitive pricing, as facilities strive to attract patients by offering quality services at lower costs.
Different Cost Structures: The cost structure of healthcare systems varies globally. In some countries, the cost of medical education, insurance, and other factors that contribute to the overall expense of providing healthcare may be lower.
Is it Safe to Go Abroad for Orthopedic Surgery?
When compared to finding treatment in the US, Europe or Australia, it is just as safe to undergo orthopedic surgery at a verified hospital abroad.
Our network of surgeons follows strict international healthcare standards, using advanced technology and performing the latest surgical techniques. Patient safety is paramount to them; thus, they maintain state-of-the-art facilities with stringent infection control measures.
Our partner doctors are internationally trained and consistently meet or exceed global healthcare standards. They have a proven track record of successful outcomes and are committed to providing a seamless and comfortable experience for international patients.
Rest assured, booking through Medical Departures allows you to access top-notch healthcare in a safe and supportive environment. Your well-being is both our and their top concern, and we look forward to helping you find exceptional orthopedic care abroad.
When Is Orthopedic Surgery Needed?
Worn-out or damaged joints, often caused by osteoarthritis, can put a major damper on your day-to-day life. The constant aches, trouble walking, and even struggling with simple tasks like cooking or driving, can chip away at your well-being, sleep and mental health.
Joint replacement surgery can be a game-changer–comparable to giving yourself a brand new joint that glides smoothly and lets you rediscover the freedom of movement. No more wincing when you bend down, no more sleepless nights from aching hips or knees.
Orthopedic surgery is a specialized field that addresses conditions related to the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. This may be appropriate for individuals experiencing a range of musculoskeletal issues.
Common scenarios where orthopedic surgery may be considered:
- Joint pain and arthritis: Individuals with chronic joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility due to conditions like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis may benefit from orthopedic interventions such as joint replacement surgery.
- Fractures and trauma: Orthopedic surgeons often treat fractures resulting from accidents, falls, or sports injuries.
- Sports injuries: Athletes who sustain injuries, such as torn ligaments (e.g., ACL tears), meniscus tears, or dislocated joints, may require orthopedic surgery for repair and rehabilitation.
- Carpal tunnel syndrome: Orthopedic surgeons can perform procedures like carpal tunnel release to alleviate symptoms associated with nerve compression, such as numbness and tingling in the hands.
- Tendon and ligament injuries: Tears or injuries to tendons and ligaments, such as rotator cuff tears or Achilles tendon ruptures, may require surgical repair by orthopedic specialists.
- Degenerative disc disease: Individuals experiencing severe back pain and dysfunction due to degenerative disc disease may undergo orthopedic procedures, such as spinal fusion or disc replacement.
- Orthopedic oncology: In cases of bone or soft tissue tumors, orthopedic surgeons may perform surgeries to remove tumors and restore musculoskeletal function.
- Congenital deformities: Orthopedic surgery is often recommended for individuals born with congenital musculoskeletal deformities, such as hip dysplasia or clubfoot.
- Spinal disorders: Orthopedic surgeons treat various spinal conditions, including herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and scoliosis, using surgical interventions when conservative treatments are insufficient.
Orthopedic surgery is typically considered after non-surgical treatments have been explored and deemed insufficient, for example: bracing, injections, infusion therapy, and physical therapy.
Knee Replacement Surgery
Also known as knee arthroplasty, this procedure replaces a damaged or diseased knee joint with an artificial (prosthetic) one. This procedure is commonly performed to alleviate pain and restore function in individuals with severe knee joint conditions, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
An artificial joint–or prosthesis–typically includes a metal femoral (thigh bone) component, a metal or plastic tibial (shinbone) component, and a plastic spacer in between. The metal parts of the implant are made of titanium or cobalt-chromium-based alloys, and plastic parts are generally made of medical-grade polyethylene.
Some surgeries involve a plastic patellar (kneecap) component. The femoral and tibial components mimic the natural joint's shape, allowing for smoother movement. The spacer provides cushioning, reducing friction. Surgeons may use cement to secure the components, or they may be press-fitted into the bone. The choice depends on factors like bone quality.
Your knee condition will determine whether you need:
- A partial knee replacement — which replaces only the damaged bone and cartilage of the knee joint, preserving healthy tissue; or
- A total knee replacement — which replaces the entire knee joint with prostheses.
Modern knee prostheses aim to restore natural knee function, enabling patients to move with reduced pain and improved mobility. Here is an overview of the key steps involved in a total knee replacement surgery:
- Patient evaluation: Before the surgery, the patient undergoes a thorough evaluation, including a medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests (x-rays, MRI) to assess the extent of joint damage.
- Anesthesia: Patients are administered anesthesia to ensure they are comfortable and pain-free during the surgery. The anesthesia options may include general anesthesia or if patients prefer to stay awake, spinal/epidural anesthesia.
- Incision: To access the joint, the surgeon makes a vertical incision over the front knee, traditionally 8 to 12 inches, but this may vary depending on the surgical approach used.
- Resection of damaged tissue: The damaged cartilage and bone at the ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shinbone) are removed. This creates space for the artificial components of the knee joint.
- Placement of prosthesis: Joint components, typically made of metal and high-grade plastic, are then secured to the prepared surfaces of the femur and tibia. Some prostheses also involve a component for the patella (kneecap).
- Spacer insertion: A plastic spacer is placed between the metal components to allow for smooth movement within the joint.
- Stabilization and testing: The surgeon ensures proper alignment and stability of the artificial joint. The knee is then tested for a range of motion and stability.
- Closure of incision: The incision is closed with sutures or staples. In some cases, a drain may be placed to remove excess fluid from the surgical site.
- Recovery and rehabilitation: The patient is transferred to a recovery area, where vital signs are monitored as a precaution. Physical therapy begins soon after surgery to promote mobility, strength, and flexibility.
- Hospital stay: The length of the hospital stay varies but is typically a few days. Patients are closely monitored for any signs of complications.
- Postoperative care: After being discharged, patients will still be fairly immobile (depending on the severity of the procedure). The medical team will assign each patient a personalized rehabilitation plan (and a sturdy pair of crutches); this will also include physical therapy exercises aimed at gradually restoring strength and mobility. Pain management and prescribed medications are also part of the postoperative care.
Most knee replacements are expected to last 15-20 years or longer. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS), more than 90% of total knee replacements still function well after 15 years.
Post-Knee Operation: What to Avoid After Hospital Discharge
Immediately following knee replacement surgery, you may be advised to avoid:
- High-impact: Running, jumping, contact sports, downhill skiing, racquet sports.
- Weight-bearing overuse: Climbing stairs excessively, carrying heavy objects (>10-15 lbs).
- Twisting and pivoting: Avoid motions that force your knee to twist or turn awkwardly.
- Prolonged sitting: Don't sit for more than 45-60 minutes without elevating your leg.
- Bending excessively: Don't bend your knee beyond 90 degrees until instructed by your therapist.
- Sitting with crossed legs: This puts undue pressure on your new joint.
Hip Replacement Surgery
In hip replacement surgery–also known as hip arthroplasty–a prosthesis is used to replace a damaged or worn-out hip. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. The socket is formed by the acetabulum, which is part of the pelvis bone. The ball is the femoral head, which is the upper end of the femur. Hip prostheses are commonly made of metal, plastic, or ceramic materials.
It typically consists of three parts:
- A femoral component, which replaces the top of the thigh bone;
- An acetabular component, which replaces the hip socket;
- A spacer, which acts as a cushion between these components.
The femoral component may have a stem that goes into the thigh bone, providing stability. This artificial hip joint mimics the natural hip's structure allowing for improved mobility.
For less severe cases, partial hip replacement replaces only the damaged hip joint's ball portion, preserving the socket. Total hip replacement replaces both the ball and socket with artificial components.
Below is an overview of the key steps involved in a total hip replacement surgery after general or spinal/epidural anesthesia is administered:
- Incision: The surgeon makes an incision over the hip joint. The size and location of the incision may vary depending on the surgical approach used (anterior, posterior, or lateral).
- Hip joint exposure: The surgeon carefully dislocates the hip joint to expose the ball-and-socket components. The damaged cartilage and bone at the hip joint are then removed.
- Placement of prosthesis: The artificial joint components are securely implanted into the prepared surfaces of the femur (thigh bone) and acetabulum (hip socket). The prosthetic components may include a stem, ball, socket, and, in some cases, a metal cup.
- Spacer insertion: A spacer, often made of high-grade plastic, is placed between the artificial components to allow for smooth movement within the joint.
- Testing and adjustment: The surgeon ensures proper alignment, stability, and range of motion of the new hip joint. Any adjustments needed for optimal function are made at this stage.
- Closure of incision: The incision is closed with sutures or staples. In some cases, a drain may be placed to remove excess fluid from the surgical site.
- Recovery and postoperative Care: The patient is transferred to a recovery area, where vital signs are monitored. Physical therapy begins soon after surgery to aid in mobility, strength, and joint flexibility.
- Hospital stay: The length of the hospital stay varies but is typically a few days. Patients are closely monitored for any signs of complications.
- Postoperative rehabilitation: Patients follow a personalized rehabilitation plan that includes exercises to strengthen the hip and improve mobility. Pain management and prescribed medications are part of the postoperative care.
Post-Hip Operation: What to Avoid After Hospital Discharge
Immediately following hip replacement surgery, you may be advised to avoid:
- Avoid lifting objects heavier than 10-15 pounds for the first few weeks. Crutches, walkers, or a cane will be your temporary allies!
- Avoid flexing your waist beyond 90 degrees, which can stress the new hip joint. This includes activities like tying your shoes.
- Maintain lower knee elevation: Keep your operated knee lower than your hip. Avoid high-stepping motions or climbing stairs until instructed otherwise.
- Abstain from crossing legs: Crossing your legs can increase the risk of dislocation. Maintain uncrossed legs for at least 6-8 weeks for optimal safety.
- Strenuous activities like running, jumping, and contact sports are prohibited for several months.
- Refrain from forceful twisting or pivoting motions, such as dancing or turning sharply. These can put the hip at risk of dislocation.
- Gardening, shoveling snow, or heavy housework should be postponed until your doctor advises otherwise.
Shoulder Replacement Surgery
The shoulder joint is also a ball-and-socket. The round head, or ball, of the upper arm bone, fits into a shallow socket in the shoulder. The prosthesis is generally made of cobalt-chrome or titanium, and plastic, which aims to alleviate pain and restore function in conditions like arthritis or severe fractures. A plastic spacer may be inserted between the components to enable smooth movement.
Conventional shoulder arthroplasty typically includes two main components: the humeral head, which replaces the ball, and the glenoid, which replaces the shoulder socket. For a reverse shoulder arthroplasty, the metal ball and socket are switched.
For partial shoulder replacement, only the humerus is replaced with a metal implant preserving the glenoid, or socket.
Below is an overview of the key steps involved in total shoulder replacement surgery:
- Anesthesia: Administration of anesthesia to ensure the patient is comfortable during the surgery. Options include general anesthesia or regional anesthesia.
- Incision: A surgical incision is made to access the shoulder joint.
- Resection of damaged tissue: Removal of damaged cartilage and bone from the humerus (upper arm bone) and the glenoid (shoulder socket).
- Placement of prosthesis: Artificial joint components are implanted. The humeral component replaces the upper part of the humerus, and the glenoid component replaces the shoulder socket.
- Spacer insertion: A plastic spacer may be inserted between the humeral and glenoid components to facilitate smooth joint movement.
- Testing and adjustment: The surgeon checks the range of motion, stability, and overall function of the artificial joint.
- Closure of incision: The incision is closed with sutures or staples.
- Recovery and rehabilitation: Postoperative care includes physical therapy to regain shoulder strength, mobility, and function.
The specifics of the procedure can vary based on the patient's individual condition and the surgeon's preferred techniques. It's best to discuss with your doctor about which type of prosthetic material would be suitable for you.
Shoulder Do's and Don'ts After Replacement:
- Heavy lifting: No carrying or pushing anything heavier than 10-15 pounds for several weeks.
- Overhead reaching: Keep reaching above shoulder level limited for 6-8 weeks.
- Sleeping on the Operated Side: Stick to sleeping on your back or the opposite side initially.
- Twisting and pulling motions: No throwing, swimming, or activities with forceful twisting for several months.
- Contact sports and strenuous activities: Hold off on high-impact exercises like running, jumping, and racquet sports until advised by your doctor.
- Reaching behind your back: Ask for help with anything requiring reaching behind your back for the first few weeks.
Arthroscopy Procedures
For less complex cases, arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows an orthopedic surgeon to examine and treat joint problems using a tiny camera called an arthroscope.
During arthroscopy, a small incision is made, and the arthroscope is inserted into the joint, providing a clear view of the interior on a screen.
This technology enables surgeons to diagnose and address various joint issues, such as repairing torn ligaments, removing damaged cartilage, or treating inflammation. The benefits include smaller incisions, less pain, and quicker recovery compared to traditional open surgery.
Arthroscopy is commonly used for knees, shoulders, and hips.
Risks Associated with Joint Replacement Surgery
Possible risks associated with the surgery may include infection, blood clots, and anesthesia complications.
The complication rate after joint replacement surgery is very low. However, one possible risk is the potential for the new joint to not function optimally, leading to weakness or stiffness. Active participation in rehabilitation is crucial for optimal recovery and outcomes.
Although less common, there's a risk of implant loosening or dislocation, and replacement joints may wear out after approximately 20 years, possibly requiring additional surgery.
Booking with Medical Departures — Recommended Clinics
Medical Departures collaborate with leading board-certified surgeons globally. Our meticulous background checks ensure credibility, verifying qualifications, licenses, and professional memberships. Our team personally visits partner facilities to ensure international standards and a safe and comfortable medical experience for our patients worldwide.
The following are some of the top facilities for orthopedic surgery that have passed our thorough verification process:
Southeast Asia:
- Yanhee Hospital Health & Beauty (Bangkok, Thailand)
- Mount Elizabeth Novena (Singapore)
- Bangkok Hospital (Phuket, Thailand)
Mexico:
- Advanced Health Medical Center (Tijuana, Mexico)
- Onkort (Merida, Mexico)
Turkey:
- HealthPoint World Clinic (Istanbul, Turkey)
- Hisar Hospital Intercontinental (Istanbul, Turkey)
Click here to see more verified clinics worldwide.
You can click through our clinic page to see photos, prices for various procedures, surgeon profiles, location maps, and real patient reviews.
How to Book Your Appointment
Contact our Customer Care Team to schedule an appointment or if you have any questions. We are here to help you day or night at no charge to you.
Sources
Orthopedic surgery delays lead to all-time high in backlog of patients. Website accessed: 20 December 2023.
Knee replacement implants. Website accessed: 19 December 2023. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/knee-replacement-implants/
Orthopedic Surgery Overview. Website accessed: 19 December 2023.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24801-orthopaedic-surgery
Extending the life of your knee implant. Website accessed: 20 December 2023.
https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-knee-replacement
Total Hip Replacement Surgery Overview. Website accessed: 19 December 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hip-replacement/about/pac-20385042
Hip Anatomy. Website accessed: 19 December 2023.
https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-hip-replacement/
Shoulder Replacement Surgery Overview. Website accessed: 20 December 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/shoulder-replacement/about/pac-20519121
Types of shoulder replacement implants. Website accessed: 20 December 2023.
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